The scope then helps to put out the force of gravity on the layer of air, causing it to flow down as what is called Katabatic Wind.įrom this, we can see that both katabatic, mountain, and valley breezes are all caused by gravity, but katabatic winds can be stronger than mountain and valley breezes and are also primarily due to sloped land. The air at the slope then becomes rapidly cooler, causing a shallow layer of air that is to the surface to become cooler and since it becomes heavier than the atmosphere, it creates a thermally separate area of air This is because no radiation/heat is coming, thus higher planes of land are cooler than the surrounding areas. However, katabatic winds only flow at night. They are also called downslope winds hence the similarity with mountain and valley breezes. Katabatic winds are winds that move down a slope due to the force of gravity. Comparing Katabatic Winds with Mountain and Valley Breeze In the night, the slopes of the mountainside get cooled, and denser air goes into the valley as a mountain breeze. Convection currents will be generated that will move the mountain air to move over the valley this is called the valley breeze. In the daytime, mountain air is heated up by the sun as the valley becomes cooler than the mountainside. The cause of mountain and valley breeze is similar to that of land and sea breeze as said above. During the day, however, a situation occurs as the land loses more heat since the sun is out and becomes progressively colder than the sea and a pressure gradient is formed between the land and which makes a breeze move from the land to the sea, known as a land breeze. This causes the air flowing over the land to rise to transform it to a low-pressure region, while the sea is followed and pressure is higher.Ĭonsequently, a pressure difference is created between these and the sea causing the breeze to move from the sea to the hand as a sea breeze. For land breezes, during the day, the land gets hotter and warmer than the surrounding sea. Inland and sea breezes, the cause is due to the absorption of heat by the land and sea. Though the concept of how both mountain and valley breezes flow and land and sea breezes move are quite similar, there are still some differences to be found. Seas and is caused by temperature and pressure gradients. They are different from land and sea breezes, which occurs over land and Mountain breezes flow from the mountainside (a higher ground) to the valley(lower ground) while gallery breezes flow in the opposite direction. Mountain and valley breezes are connected, as both are formed due to temperature differences and gravity. They are localized to specific parts of the world. Tertiary or local winds are winds that move over small distances and areas. They are also called periodic winds since seasons follow a periodic pattern. Secondary winds are winds that change their particular direction anytime there is a change in season that is from summer to winter, etc. Planetary winds are good examples of this type of wind. These are the continual and lasting winds that travel the earth’s surface. Winds are classified based on certain criteria. They move over a specific region or area on Earth’s surface eg trade winds.They blow from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.
This is caused by a single principle: when objects are in motion, relative to Earth’s rotational movement, a force will be acted on them pushing them to the left hence we see a deflection in their movement and it is termed the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect, in simple terms, is a phenomenon caused by an inertial force, the Coriolis force, which makes entities such as air currents that travel for long distances around the Earth move in a curve rather than a straight line. This is because of the rotation of the earth(which occurs in an ) and generates an effect called the Coriolis effect. Characteristics of Planetary WindsĪll planetary finds follow general patterns of movement such as On the other hand, planetary finds are winds that ebb(move) all year round from one latitude to another latitude mostly due to variations in latitudinal air pressures. They usually move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure with high velocities and a specific direction hence their direction can be gotten from a wind vane(antique method though). Winds are currents of air that move from one direction to another. Planetary winds, however, are much larger and span larger regions. They help influence temperatures in surrounding areas, as well as other types of winds. Mountain and valley breezes are under wind types.
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